Chronology: Conquest of Peru, 1522-1548
| 1513 | Vasco Nuñez de Balboa saw the South Sea for the first time. |
| ca 1525 | Death of Huayna Capac and beginning of civil war between his half-sons, Huascar (Cuzco) and Atahualpa (Quito). |
| Supposed smallpox epidemic along Inca trade routes | |
| 1522 | Voyage by Pascual de Andagoya from Panama along coast of "South Sea" (Pacific Ocean) |
| 1524 | Franciso Pizarro's first voyage along coast of Colombia and Ecuador (north of Equator) with support of Diego de Almagro |
| 1526 | Second voyage: capture of raft with gold, silver and jewels; encountered Tumbes and explored 500 miles beyond |
| 1531 | Third voyage (200 men, including 4 Pizarro brothers as well as Diego de Almagro) and beginning of conquest of the Incas |
| Huascar defeated by Atahualpa's armies | |
| 1532 | Fall of Cajamarca, Nov. 16, 1532 (thousands of natives, but not one Spaniard, died) |
| 1533 | Execution of Huascar on orders of Atahualpa |
| Execution of Atahualpa by Pizarro at Cajamarca | |
| Spaniards gained Cuzco unopposed (Nov. 15, 1533) | |
| Pizarro crowned the puppet emperor, Manco Inca | |
| 1535 | Founding of the City of Kings (Lima) on the coast |
| 1536 | Revolt of Manco Inca at Cuzco failed |
| 1537 | Civil war between Pizarro and Almagro |
| 1538 | Defeat and execution of Diego de Almagro by Pizarros |
| 1541 | Assassination of Fco. Pizarro by Almagristas |
| 1542 | Publication of the "New Laws" |
| Defeat and execution of Almagro the younger | |
| 1544 | Rebellion of Gonzalo Pizarro against viceroy |
| 1545 | Silver strike at Potosí |
| 1546 | Execution of viceroy and 340 Spaniards |
| 1548 | Defeat and execution of Gonzalo Pizarro |
| 1572 | Tupac Amaru, the last Incan emperor, defeated and executed. |