Table of Contents
Brazil, 1630-1720: territorial expansion, slavery, economic booms and busts
Pedro Teixera expedition, 1637-39: from mouth of Amazon to Quito
3 centuries of expansion
Paulista bandeirantes hunting Indians (continued into the 19th century)
Indians in a fazenda
Father Antonio Vieira, S.J. (1608-1697)
Franz Post, “Plantation scene” in Brazil, 1636-1644; ~140 paintings Dutch presence in Brazil
Franz Post painted many engehnos like this one. Note river in background for transporting sugar to port.
Slavery: traffic, role in colonial economy and resistance
17th century slave traffic: Brazil (600 thousand) was main destination (of 1.3 million total)
18th c., the height of the slave trade: Brazil 33%, French 23, British 23, Spanish 10, Dutch 7, N. America 6% of 6.1 m. total
19th c. (1801-1865): Brazil (6/10) and Cuba (1/3) are principal destinations for almost 2 million slaves
Cargo hold of a slave ship--30 days to Bahia, 40 to Rio
Slave market in Bahia, early 19th century
Slaves clearing forest for cultivation
Senzala (shanty slave quarter)
Festival of Our Lady of Rosario
Enghenos, the worst work for slaves
Climate permitted 9 month safra (sugar harvest) in Bahia
“Refining” sugar was labor intensive
Public whippings
Palmares, the most famous quilombo in Brazil survived for a century (-1695)
1640: “It was surrounded by a double palisade with a spike-lined trough inside. This settlement was half a mile long, its street six feet wide. There was a swamp on the north side and large felled trees on the south. We might guess that the clearing was for cultivation or for defensive reasons.” [view in 1997]
Palmares, contradictory symbols of nationhood
Zumbi (d. Nov. 20, 1695), ex-slave, King of Palmares Quilombo symbol of Afro-Brazilian identity
End
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Author: Department of History
Email: rmccaa@maroon.tc.umn.edu
Home Page: http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/
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