Science,
Society Progress: Emancipation or Oppresion?
- Jean-Jacques
Rousseau (1712-1778; portrait):
Enlightenment Heretic
- The 2nd
Discourse, "On
the Origins of Inequality Among Men" (1755)
- Part
I: Man in the State of Nature
- Rousseau's
Natural Man and Human Nature
- Solitude,
vs. Hobbes's War and Locke's Sociability
- No
natural community/state, only individuals
- Self-Sufficiency,
vs. Hobbes's War and Locke's Natural Rights
- Independence
Natural, Dependence Unnatural
- Two
Kinds of Self-Love: "amour de soi" vs "amour
propre"
- Nature:
Plenty or Scarcity?
- Without
God and Religion, v. Luther and Léry
- Revealed
Religion Unnatural
- Without
Reason, vs. Descartes's Cogito
- Science,Technology,
and Enlightenment Unnatural
- Mind,
Body and the "Perfectibility of Humankind"
- Sympathy,
vs. Descartes's Reason, Hobbes's Egoism, and Locke's Reasonable
Sociability
- No
Natural Animosity Between Humans
- Implications
of Rousseau's State of Nature
- Equality
is Natural, Inequality Unnatural
- Liberty
and Equality are in Harmony
- Gender:
Natural "Man" v. Natural "Woman"
- Time
and History
- Contemporary
Society is Unnatural
- The
State of Nature is Potentially Timeless
- No
Natural Progress or Development
- What
Happened and Why?
- Part
II: The "Fall of Man" into Society: The Enlightenment
Upside Down
- Rousseau's
Crime of Property, v. Locke's "Natural Right" of Property
- Rousseau's
Conception of History, v. Enlightenment Natural History
- Fall,
Decline, Dystopia, v. Rise, Progress, Utopia
- Europe
the Center of Unnatural Savagery, v. Europe the Center of
Progressive Civilization.
- Accident,
v. Natural Development
- Man-Made
Society, v. Natural Society
- Rousseau
v. Enlightenment on Society
- What
is Natural is Good
- Enlightenment
- Society,
like Individuals, Naturally Grows
- The
More Mature/Developed is Better than the More Immature/Primitive:
Progress is Natural and Good
- Human
Life is Improving, and it is Best in the Most Advanced Places:
The Perfectibility of Man
- Society
is the Saviour of Humankind
- Rousseau
- Individuals
in Nature have No Need for Society; Society is thus Not
Natural
- Nature
is Self-Sustaining and Good; There is No Natural Reason
for it to Change
- Humans
Lost their Natural Paradise When they Chose to Enter Society:
Progress is Unnatural and Bad
- Human
Life Has Become Worse as it Has Become More Advanced: The
Perfectibility of Man is Really the Enslavement of Man
- Society
is the Slave-Master of Humankind.
- What solution
does Rousseau offer?
- Sentiment
and "Sensibility"
- "Back
to Nature"
- Education
- Revolution
- Society
and History Made Man so Man Should Remake Society and History
- The
Social Contract (1762)
- No Solution:
Rousseau as Moralist
- A
diagnosis without a remedy
