Luther and The Authority of the Individual Conscience

Luther and The Authority of the Individual Conscience

Background to the Lutheran Revolution
- Christendom
  - The Local and The Universal
    - Maps: Ptolemy's Map; Map of Roman Empire; Islamic World c. 1450; European World Map c.1450
  - The Voyage of Columbus (1492), Papal Bull Inter Caetera (1493); Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Catholicism: One God, One Truth, One Church
- Augustinianism: St. Augustine (354-430 AD)
  - Fallen Man
  - The City of God v. The City of Man
    - Providence
  - Predestination and Grace, Faith v. Works

The "Sacremental World-View"
- Providence and Church Authority
- Faith, Free Will, and Works

Purgatory, The "Treasury of Grace," and Indulgences

Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the the Lutheran Revolution

Luther's Youth: Religious Anxiety
- Trip to Rome (1510)
  - Sistine Chapel
- Professor, University of Wittenberg (1512)
  - Luther as Monk
  - Paul, Epistle to the Romans, esp. 1:17
- Johann Tetzel and the Indulgences Controversy
From Luther to "Lutheranism"

The 95 Theses (1517)
Luther Excommunicated; Papal Bull burned (1520)
The Diet of Worms (1521): The Lutheran Church Formed
- The Lutheran Bible (1523)

Why Luther? Why Germany? Why 1517?
- Print Culture
- Social, Political and Economic Change
- The Fall of Constantinople (1453), the "New World" and the Crisis of Christendom

Luther and the Legacy of Protestantism
- "Sole Scriptura"
  - Literacy and Protestantism, Literacy and Civilization
- "Sole Fide" and the Authority of the Individual Conscience
  - Dr. Martin Luther King and Civil Disobedience
  - "Here I Stand, 2002:" The Reverend Anita Hill