STUDY GUIDE

Posted Lecture Questions

Wednesday, 6. September 2006
1 - What is a civilization?
2 - How was social distinction maintained in China?
3 - What did Confucius say and why is it historically significant?

Monday, 11. September 2006
1 - What is history?
2 - How did competition between agrarian and pastoral traditions shape Chinese civilization?
3 - How did outsiders contribute to Chinese expansion?

Wednesday, 13. September 2006
1 - What was the meaning of karma and how did Hindus and Buddhists interpret it?
2 - How did the Indian caste system change over time?
3 - What social changes resulted from Muslim rule in India?

Friday, 15. September 2006
1 - What tensions existed between the universalizing ideals of Islam and regional cultures?
2 - What influence did Mohammed's life as a merchant have on Islamic society?
3 - How did Ottoman emperors gain legitimacy as the protectors of Islam?

Monday, 18. September 2006
1 - Why did Turkish coffee become the favorite drink of the Ottoman Empire?
2 - How did monsoons help create the Indian Ocean world?
3 - Where are the boundaries of civilizations within the Indian Ocean world?

Wednesday, 20. September 2006
1 - What social patterns existed in the Americas before Columbus?
2 - What was the significance of reciprocity with indigenous religions?
3 - How did material culture shape American societies?

Friday, 22. September 2006
No questions for this lecture--video presentation on Islam.

Monday, 25. September 2006
1 - How did pre-Columbian settlement patterns influence Latin American society?
2 - What were the economic foundations of Iberian colonies?
3 - What was the system of castes?

Wednesday, 27. September 2006
1 - How did African civilizations adapt to the diverse geography of the continent?
2 - What was the basic social unit of Africa and how did it function?
3 - How did African societies accomadate the Atlantic slave trade, and vice versa?

Friday, 29. September 2006
1 - What industrial technologies did sugar plantations employ?
2 - How did plantation slaves negotiate their living conditions?
3 - Were slave societies predominately African, European, or American?

Monday, 2. October 2006
1 - What was mercantilism and how did triangular trade support and subvert it?
2 - Who inhabited the "maritime world" and how did they experience it?
3 - How did the consumption of sugar change in the early modern era?

Wednesday, 4. October 2006
No questions for this lecture--video presentation of Hinduism.

Friday, 6. October 2006
Midterm Exam

Monday, 9. October 2006
1 - How was the geography of the spice trade organized?
2 - What strategies did the Portugese use to break into the Indian Ocean trade?
3 - Were the Dutch East India Company merchants conquistadors or capitalists?

Wednesday, 11. October 2006
1 - How do historians use comparisons to understand change over time?
2 - What changes took place in European food cultures during the early modern period?
3 - What power struggles took place between monarchs and subjects in early modern Europe?

Friday, 13. October 2006
1 - Where did merchants fit within early modern Europe's society of privilege?
2 - What did the public sphere offer to its participants?
3 - Was culinary modernity a global phenomenon?

Monday, 16. October 2006
1 - How did American foods affect African, Asian, and European societies?
2 - What factors determined whether foods were adopted in particular places?
3 - What were the political consequences of democratic change?

Wednesday, 18. October 2006
1 - Why did food riots become more common in a time of generally improving production?
2 - How did agricultural modernization transform rural society in Western Europe?
3 - What legal changes did eighteenth century economists advocate?

Friday, 20. October 2006
1 - Was a reliance on grain markets to distribute food a uniquely Western phenomenon?
2 - Why were the Irish so completely dependent on the potato for nourishment?
3 - Does famine result from a lack of food or a lack of entitlement?

Monday, 23. October 2006
1 - What are nations? How are they formed?
2 - How are ethnic and civic nations different?
3 - Were there democratic revolutions in the Atlantic World from 1770-1820?

Wednesday, 25. October 2006
1 - Were there democratic revolutions in the Atlantic World from 1770-1820?
2 - How were French revolutionary sentiments interpreted in the colonies?
3 - How did nationalist ideologies fit with Spanish-American social realities?

Friday, 27. October 2006
1 - What is periodization?
2 - What social changes resulted from the adoption of factory production?
3 - Has the logic of centralization genuinely reversed in postindustrial society?

Monday, 30. October 2006
1 - What was the factory system?
2 - How did European industrialization alter the global division of labor?
3 - Who benefitted from the rise of global commodity markets?

Wednesday, 01. November 2006
1 - How did the division of factory labor affect individual factory workers?
2 - What is factory discipline and how did early factory workers respond to it?
3 - Where did modern consumer movements begin?

Friday, 03. November 2006
Midterm exam

Monday, 06. November 2006
1 - How did Asia and Africa escape from the first age of European imperial conquest?
2 - Why did industrialization increase Europe's dependence on the world and how did European powers seek to invert these unfavorable terms of trade?
3 - What new technologies facilitated European expansion in the 19th century?

Wednesday, 08. November 2006
1 - What technologies facilitated European occupation of Africa?
2 - How did Africans and Asians respond to European invasion?
3 - Were these responses predominately modernist or fundamentalist?

Friday, 10. November 2006
1 - How did Europeans attempt to transform colonial societies?
2 - When did the United States join the imperial competition?
3 - What was the "scramble for Africa"?

Monday, 13. November 2006
1 - What general patterns did migrant workers follow between 1850 and 1914?
2 - Were migrants successful in transplanting their cultures to their new homes?
3 - How did migrants maintain contact with those who stayed behind?

Friday, 17. November 2006

1 - How successful were migrants in transplanting their cultures to new homes?
2 - What calculations did migrant families perform in deciding where to settle?
3 - Why did the experience of Italian migrants differ from that of the Chinese?

Monday, 20. November 2006
1 - How did racial theories justify imperial conquest and capitalist exploitation?
2 - Where did Westernization prompt a resurgence of traditional cultures?
3 - What hybrid identities resulted from these cultural clashes?

Wednesday, 22. November 2006
1 - How did factional politics influence the course of modernization in China and Japan?
2 - What modernization programs did the Qing and Meiji governments adopt?
3 - Were nationalism and colonialism linked in Asia as in Europe?

Friday, 24. November 2006
No class